¾É½×                                                                                                                                                    7/30/2010

¤@¡B °Ñ¦Ò®Ñ¥Ø¡G

  1. Barclay, William Barclay, Letters to the First Timothy (ºô¸ôª©).

  2. Brown, R. E., An Introduction to the New Testament. N.Y., Doubleday, 1997.

  3. Marshall, I. H., The Pastoral Epistles. London, N. Y.: T. & T. Clark, 1999, 2004.

  4. Metzger, Bruce M., The New Testament its Background, Growth, and Content. Nashville: Abingdon, 1975, 1983 (·s¬ù¾É½×¡A­»´ä¡G°ò·þ±Ð¤åÃÀ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1976)¡C

  5. Strchan, Robert Harvey, The Interpreter¡¦s Bible New Testament Articles. N. Y.: Abingdon, (¸t¸g¦ÒÄÀ¤j¥þ¡G·s¬ù½×ÂO¡A­»´ä¡G°ò·þ±Ð¤åÃÀ¥Xª©ªÀ¡A1959, 1982)¡C

  6. ¿c«T¸q¡A´£¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ«H®§¡A(ºô¸ôª©)¡C

  7. §d¼z»ö¡A½Í±¡»¡²z¸Ü·s¬ù¡A­»´ä¡G§ó·s¸ê·½¡A1998¡C

  8. ·¨ªª¨¦¡A§A¬O¶Q­«ªº¾¹¥×¡G±Ðªª®Ñ«Hªº±¡Ãh¡A­»´ä¡G®¦¨¦¡A2004¡C

¤G¡B«e¨¥¡G

«Où¥|¨÷­Ó¤Hªº®Ñ«H¤¤¡A¦]¦¬«HªÌ´£¼¯¤Ó¤Î´£¦h³£¬O·í®É±Ð·|¤¤ªº­«­n»â³S¡A©Ò¥H¦b´£¼¯¤Ó«e¡B«á®Ñ¤Î´£¦h®Ñ¤¤¡A½×ºÞ²z±Ð·|¡B³]¥ß¾¥÷¡Bªª¾i«H®{¡B³B²z°ÝÃDµ¥¡A¦]¦¹³o¤T¨÷®Ñ±`¦XºÙ¬°¡u±Ðªª®Ñ«H¡v¡C±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤§¦W¥[©ó³o¨Ç®Ñ«H¬O1726¦~¡C¥Ñ«Où¡D¦w¹y¡]Paul Anton¡^¥H¡y±Ðªª®Ñ«H¡z§@¨t¦CºtÁ¿ÃD¥Ø¶}©l(Barclay)¡C¥Ñ©ó³o¤T«Ê«Hªº¤åÅé¡B¦r·J¡B¤Î±Ð¸q­«ÂI¡A³£»P¤@¯ë©Ò©Ó»{ªº«Où®Ñ«H¤£¦P¡A¥H­P³¡¤À¾ÇªÌ»{¬°¡A³o«Ü¥i¯à¬O«Oùªº®Ñ°O°õµ§ªº¡A¦ý§ó¥i¯à¬O¤@¥@¬ö¥½¡A«Où©¾¹êªº¸òÀHªÌ¬°¤F¤£¥O¨Ï®{¤@¨Ç¹s¬P¤å¥ó¥¢´²¡A©ó¬O±N¤§½s¤J¦Û¤v©Ò¼gªº®Ñ«H¸Ì¡]Metzger, Bruce M., ·s¬ù¾É½×¡App. 240-241¡^¡C

¯S¤g¨}¡]Tertullian¡^»¡¡A«Où¼g¨â«Ê«Hµ¹´£¼¯¤Ó¡A¥t¥~¤@«Êµ¹´£¦h¡F³o¨Ç«H³£¬OÃö¤ß±Ð·|¹êªp¦Ó¼g¡C³o¨Ç®Ñ«H²ÎºÙ²½¥q®Ñ«H¡]Pontifical letters¡^¡F·N«ä´N¬O«ü³o¨Ç®Ñ«H¬O¥Ñ´xºÞ±Ð·|ªº²½¥q¡]Pontifex¡^©Ò¼g(Barclay)¡C¤Ï»é«Où¼g±Ðªª®Ñ«Hªº³Ì¦³¤OÃÒ¾Ú¡A´N¬O§Æþ¤åªº¹B¥Î¡C±Ðªª®Ñ«H¦@¦³902¦r¡A¦³52­Ó¬O±M¦³¦Wµü¡C¦b902¦r¤¤¡A306­Ó¦r¨S¦³¦b«Où§Oªº®Ñ«H¥X²{¡C¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤¤¡A¦³175­Ó¦r¨S¦³¦b·s¬ù¨ä¥Lªº¸g¨÷¤¤¥X²{¡F©ÎªÌ³o¼Ë»¡¤~ºâ¤½¥­¡A§Ú­Ì¦b«Où§Oªº®Ñ«H¤¤¡A¥u§ä¨ì50­Ó°O¸ü¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤¤ªº¦r¡A¦Ó³o¨Ç¦r¥ç¨S¦³¦b·s¬ù¨ä¥L¸g¨÷¤¤¥X²{¡C

ÁÙ¦³¡A·í«Où¦b§Oªº®Ñ«H¤¤´y­z»P±Ðªª®Ñ«H©Ò«üªº¦P¤@¥ó¨Æªº®É­Ô¡Aªí¹F¤èªk¦U¤£¬Û¦P¡A¥Î¤£¦Pªº¦r©M¤£¦Pªº»y½Õªí¹F¦P¤@­Ó«ä·Q¡C«OùºD±`·R¥Îªº³\¦h¦r§¹¥þ¨S¦³¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤¤¥X²{¡G¤Q¬[¡]Stauros¡^»P³Q°v¤Q¬[¡]stauroun¡^¦b«Oùªº¨ä¥¦®Ñ«H¤¤¥X²{27¦¸¡A¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤¤±q¨S¦³¥X²{¡C»P¦Û¥Ñ¡]Eleutheria¡^¬Û³sªº©M¥¦ªº¦PÃþ¦r²´¡A¦b«Oùªº¨ä¥¦®Ñ«H¤¤¥X²{¤F¤Ü¤E¦¸¡A¤]±q¨S¦³¥X²{¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«HùØ¡C¨à¤l¡]Huios¡^©M¦¬¾i¡]huiothesia¡^¦b«Où§Oªº®Ñ«H¤¤¥X²{¥|¤Q¤»¦¸¡A¦ý¤@¦¸¤]¨S¦³¦b±Ðªª®Ñ«H¤¤¥X²{(Barclay)¡C

¤T¡B¦¨®Ñ¦~¥N¡G

­Y¬O«Où©Ò¼g¡A¤j¬ù65¦~¡A¦ý³\¦h¾ÇªÌ»{¬°«D«Où©Ò¼gªº¡A«h¬°¤G¥@¬öªì´Á§@«~ ¡]Brown, R. E., An Introduction to the New Testament, p. 654¡^¡C

¥|¡B¯SÂI¦p¤U¡G

  1. ´£¼¯¤Ó¬O¥[©Ô¤Ó¬Ù¸ô¥q±o¤H¡]¤µ¤Ñªº¤g¦Õ¨ä¡^¡A¤÷¿Ë¬°§Æþ¤H¡A¥À¿Ë¤Í©g°ò©M¯ª¥Àùºö¬°µS¤Ó¤H¡}®{16:1-3¡~¡C±q¤p¦b·q¬È¤W«Òªº¥À¿Ë¤Î¥~¯ª¥ÀªºÂȳ³¤U±o¨ì¬ü¦nªº±Ð¾É¡}´£«á1:5¡A´£«á1¡G5¡~¡C´£¼¯¤Ó¬O«Où²Ä¤@¦¸®È¦æ§G¹D®É±a»âÂk¥D¡}®{14:8-20¡B´£«á3:10, 11¡B´£«e1:2¡~¡C´£¼¯¤Ó¥X¥Í«á¨Ã¨S¦³¹³¤@¯ëµS¤Ó¤H¤p«Ä¡A¦b²Ä¤K¤Ñ´N¨ü³Î§¡]³Ð17¡G12-14¡^¡C¥L¥i¯à¦]¤÷¿Ë¬O§Æþ¤H¡Aª½¨ì«Où±a¥L¥h¶ÇºÖ­µ®É¡A¤~´À¥L¦æ³Î§¡]®{16¡G3¡^«Où²Ä¤G¦¸§G¹D®É¡A´£¼¯¤Ó¦b«H¥õ¤W¬Æ¦³ªø¶i¡A©ó¬O«Où±a¥L§@§U¤â¡A¤@¦P§@¤u ¡}®{16:2-4¡BµÌ2:22¡~¡C

  2. «Où¹ï´£¼¯¤Ó«H¥ô¡A¥L¬£¥h³B²z¯S§Oªº¨Æ±¡¡F¨Ò¦p¡G¬£¥L¨ì©«¼»Ã¹¥§­{±Ð·|¥h°í©T©MÀ°§U¸Ó±Ð·|«H®{ªº«H¤ß¡A¦]¬°¦³³\¦h¤H¥¿­±Á{­¢®`¡A¦ÓÂ÷±ó«H¥õ¡]©««e3¡G2-5¡^¡F­ôªL¦h±Ð·|¯Éª§«Où¤]¬£¥L¥h«ü¾É«H®{¹L¦b­C¿qùØ·s¥Í¬¡©Ò¿í¦æªº¹D¡]ªL«e4¡G17¡^¡F·í«Où©M¨ä¥L¦P¤u«e©¹°¨¨ä¹y®É¡A¯d´£¼¯¤Ó¦b¥H¥±©Ò±Ð·|¡A¥D¦]¬O±Ð·|ùئ³¤H¶Ç¤£¥¿½Tªº±Ð¸q¡]´£«e1¡G3-4¡^¡A¦Ó´£¼¯¤Ó¥i¥H¾É¥¿¸Ó±Ð·|«H®{¹ï«H¥õ¥¿½T»{ª¾¡C

  3. «Où§Æ±æ±Ð·|»â³S­Ì¦³¦nªº¦æ¬°¡A³o¼Ë¤~¯à±a»â«H®{¬¡¥X¦n¨£ÃÒ¡]´£«e¤T³¹¡^¡C«Où¤]§Æ±æ±Ð·|»â³S¯à©ú¥Õ¯u¡B°²±Ð®v¶Ç´­¤W«Ò«H®§ªº®t§O¡]´£«e4¡G1-6¡^¡C ¯u¡B°²±Ð®v¤§¶¡ªº®t§O¡A°£¤F¦b©ú¥Õ¸t¸gªº«H®§¥~¡A°²±Ð®v³g·R¿ú°]¡A«Où¤@¦A´£¿ô´£¼¯¤Ó¥²¶·¦b¿ú°]¤p¤ß¡A¤]¥u¦³¨­¬°¶Ç¹DªÌ¹ï¿ú°]¨S¦³³gÅʪº·N¹Ï¡A¤~¦³¿ìªk±Ð¾É«H®{¦b¿ú°]ªº¨Æ¤W¦³§ó°·±dªººA«×¡]´£«e6¡G6-10¡^¡C«Oùªº±Ð¾É¦b°ò·þ±Ðµo®i¤¤¹ï©Ò¦³¶Ç±ÐªÌ¬O«Ü¦n±Ð§÷¡C

  4. ¦³¾ÇªÌ»¡°²±Ð®v¬O«ü(Gnoticism) ¿Õ´µ©³¥D¸q (¨£Marshall, I. H., The Pastoral Epistles, p. 49¡BBarclay)¡A¦³´X³B¸g¤å¡A¦p¡G¦³¨Ç¤H¦b¨ºùضǤ£¥¿½Tªº±Ð¸q¡]1:3¡^¡A¥s¥L­Ì©ñ±ó¯î­ðªº¶Ç»¡©M¤¾ªøªº±ÚÃСF¦]¬°³o¨ÇªF¦è¥u·|¤Þ°_ª§½×(1:4)¡A¸tÆF©ú©ú»¡¤F¡A¦b¥½«áªº®É´Á¡A¦³¨Ç¤H·|©ñ±ó«H¥õ¡A¥h¶¶±q´ÛÄFªºÆF©M¨¸Å]¡K¡K..(4: 1-3)¡C

  5. §Ú­Ì¬Ý¨£¤w¸gµo®i¬Û·í³W¼Òªº±Ð·|²Õ´¡A¦³ªø¦Ñ¡]elders¡A5¡G17-19¡^¡F¦³ºÊ·þ¡AºÙ¬°¥D±Ð©Î·|·þ¡]bishops¡A3¡G1-7¡^¡F¦³°õ¨Æ¡]deacons¡A3¡G8-13¡^¡C·í®Éªø¦Ñ¬O±Ð·|¨üÁ~¾­û¡Fµ½©óªv²z±Ð·|ªºªø¦Ñ¥i¸ê¨úÂù­¿Á~¹S¡A±Ð·|¥²¶·°O©À³Ò­W¶Ç¹Dªº¤H(5:17-18)¡C·í®É¤w¸g¶}©l¨Ñ¾i¹è°üªº¨î«×¡]5¡G3-16¡^¡A´yø¥X¤@­Óºë±Kªº±Ð·|µ²ºc¡C¥Ñ©ó¤Ó¹Lºë±K¡A¤H­Ì«K»{¬°³o¤£¬O«Où®É¥Nªº±Ð·|(Barclay)¡C

¤­¡B¤º®e¤jºõ¡G

1¡B¤Þ¨¥°Ý¦w¡}1:1,2¡~

2¡B­Ó¤HªºÄU«j¡}1:3-2:7¡~

3¡B¤u§@ªºÄU«j¡}2:8-6:19¡~

  1. ·q«ô¯´§Ç¡}2:8-15¡~

  2. ³]¥ß¾¥÷¡}3:1-13¡~

  3. ´¡»y--¬ß±æ¤Î¹|Æg¡}3:14-16¡~

  4. Ãö©ó¤u¤H¡}4:1-16¡~

  5. Ãö©óªª¾i¡}5:1-6:10¡~

  6. Ãö©ó¦Û¨­¡}6:11-19¡~

 4¡Bµ²»y¡}6:20-21¡~

´£¼¯¤Ó«e®Ñ¾É½×