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°ò·þ±Ð¦b¦´Á¸g¾ú¤F¬F©²¤Î±Ð¥~¤H¤hªº¼É¤O¹ï«Ý¡A³y¦¨¤£¤Ö°ò·þ®{®î¹D¡Fªì¥N±Ð·|¥v¥i¥H»¡¬O±Ð·|®î¹D¥v¡C±Ð¤÷¯S¤g¨}´¿»¡¡G®î¹DªÌªº¦å¬O±Ð·|ªººØ¬ó¡C¥¿¦pC¿q©Ò¨¥¡G¦pªG¥LÌ¢®`¹L§Ú¡A¥L̤]·|¢®`§AÌ(¬ù15:20)¡C
µ²ªGC¿q³Q°v¦º¦b¤Q¦r¬[¤W¡C
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±Ð·|¨ü¹G¢¡G¨Ï®{¦æ¶Ç¤¤µS¤Ó¤Hªº¹G¢¡G¨Ï®{̨ü¨ì¼»³£¸Ó¤H¨â¦¸¢®`
(4:5-18¡F5:18-40¡F8:1)¡A¥q´£¤Ïªº³Q±þ®`¬O²Ä¤T¦¸¢®`¡A¦Ó¥B¬O¼»³£¸Ó¤H©Mªk§QÁɤHÁp¦X¢®`¡A¨ä¤¤±½Ã¹¤jµo¼ö¤ß(7:59)¢®`°ò·þ®{¡C§Æ«ß¨È°ò©¬¤ý¬O²Ä¤@¦ì´xÅvªÌ¢®`°ò·þ®{¡A¶®¦U©M©¼±o(12:4)³£´¿³Q¥LºÊ¸T¡A¶®¦U¬Æ¦Ü(12:2)¾D±þ®`¡F«H¥D¤§«áªº«Où³QµS¤Ó¤H©M±Ð¥~¤H¤h¢®`ªº¦¸¼Æ§ó¬O¤£³ÓªTÁ|(ªL«á12:23-28)¡Cù°¨¬Ó«Ò®æ¦Ñ¥á¤U¥O¡AµS¤Ó¤H³£nÂ÷¶}ù°¨(®{18:2)¡C
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ù°¨¬F©²ªº¢®`¡G²Ä¤¥@¬öªº±Ð·|¾ú¥v¾Ç®a¼ÚYס]Paulus
Orosius¡^¡A¦b¥LªºThe Seven Books of History against the Pagans. (Washington, D.
C.: The Catholic University of America, 1964) ªºBook Seven¤¤±Nù°¨ªº¢®`®É´Á¡A¤À¤QӮɴÁ¦C¥X¡G
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¥§¸S¡]Nero, 54-68¡^¬°²Ä¤@Ó¢®`°ò·þ®{ªºÃ¹°¨¬Ó«Ò (p. 298-299)[1]¡C
64/6/18ù°¨¤j¤õ¡Aù°¨ÁÁ¶Ç¥§¸SµoºÆ©ñ¤õ¡A¥§¸S«hÂk©Sµ¹°ò·þ®{¡C«ö¥v¾Ç®a¶ð¦è¹Ï (Tacitus,
c56-120)
ªº°Oz¡A¦bù°¨«°¤j¤õ¤§«á¡Aù°¨©~¥ÁÁÁ¶Ç¬O¥§¸SÁa¤õ¡A¬°®ø°£¦Ê©m¹ï¥LªººÃ¼{¡A¥L±N¸o±À¨ì°ò·þ®{¨¤W¡A¨Ã¥Î´Ý§Ôªº¤èªkÃgªv¥LÌ¡C¦bÄv§Þ³õ¡A°ò·þ®{³Q¢¬ï¤WÃ~¥Ö¡AµM«á©ñ¥XÂy¤ü¡A±N¥L̼¹µõ«r¦º¡C¨ä¾lªº§â¥LÌ»P°®¯ó®¹¦b¤@°_¡A»s¦¨¤õ§â±Æ¦bªá¶é¤¤¡A©]
±ß¿U¿N®É¡A·Ó«G¥§¸S¾ãÓªá¶é¡C«ö±Ð¤÷²§Q§K°Oz¡A©¼±o»P«Où³£¬O¦b³o¦¸¹G¢¤¤®î¹D[2]¡C©¼±o¦æ¶Ç¤¤¦³°O¸ü¡A¥L³QË°v¤Q¦r¬[¦Ó®î¹D¡A«á©ç¦¨¹q¼v¼É§gµI«°¿ý¡C
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¦h¦Ì¥Ð¡]Domitian, 81-96, p. 305¡^
¦h¦Ì¥Ð¤U¥O¤j³W¼Ò·j®·°ò·þ®{¡A±N¥L̳B¦º¡A³s¥Lªºªí§Ì¤@®a¤]¤£¯àƧK¡C¥Lªºªí§Ì²§Q¤å´µ³Q§P³B¦º¦D¡A©d¤l³Q©ñ³v¨ì¤p®q¡A¨âÓ¨à¤lì³Q«ü©w¬°¬Ó¦ì©ÓÄ~¤H¡A¤]¾PÁn°Î¸ñ¡C¦h¦Ì¥Ð¢®`°ò·þ®{ªºì¦]¡A·¥¥i¯à¬O«öù°¨ºD¨Ò¡A¬Ó«Ò©ó¦º«á¤~°l«Ê¬°¯«¡A¦ý¬O¥L©ó¥Í
«e§Yn¨D¦Ê©m¥H"§Ú̪º¥D¡B§Ú̪º¯«"ºÙ©I¥L¡A¦Ó°ò·þ®{¤£ªÖ¥H¥DºÙ¤§¤D³Q¢®`¡C¬ù¿«¦b¦¹´Á³Q©ñ³v©Þ¼¯®q¡A¼g±Ò¥Ü¿ý¡C¦h¦Ì¥Ð¤]¤U¥O±O±þ¤j½Ãªº¤l®]¡A¦]¬°¦³¨Ç²§ºÝªÌ«ü±±¥L̬O¤j½Ãªº®a«Ç¡A¤S»P°ò·þ¦³ÃöÁp¡A¦p¡GµS¤j¬O¥D¦×¨ªº¥S§Ì¡A¥Lªº«á¥N¦]¦Ó³Q°l±þ(Eusebius,
EH 3-19)¡C
Ä~¥ôªÌ¥§ªk¡]Nerva, 96-98¡^[4]¸Ñ°£°ò·þ®{ÅX³v¥X¹Ò¸T¥O¡A¬ù¿«±o¥H±q©Þ¼¯®q¦^¨ì¥H¥±©Ò¡C
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¥L¶®§V(Trajan, 98-116, p. 306)
¦b
¥L¶®§Vªº²Îªv¤U¡A±Ð·|¦³¨â¦ì¥X¦âªº¥D±Ð®îÃø¡GC¸ô¼»§N¥D±Ð¦è±¡]Symeon¡^³Q°v¤Q¦r¬[
(Eusebius3-32)¡C107¦~¦w´£ªü¥D±Ð¥ì®æ¨º¥á(Ignatius¡^³Q®·¡A°e¦Üù°¨Áý³¥Ã~¡C¥L¦b¸ô¤W¼g«Hµ¹Ã¹°¨±Ð·|¡A½Ð¥L̤£n¤z¹w¡A¥L»¡¡G¡uÅý¤õ»P¤Q¬[¡AÅý¦¨¸sªº³¥Ã~¡AÅý°©ÀYªº¼¹¶}¡B§éÂ_¡B»P¤À¸Ñ¡AÅý¾ãÓ¨Å骺¯»¸H¡A¤]Åý©Ò¦³Å]°ªº®£©Æ§é¿iÁ{¨ì§Ú§a¡A¥unÅý§Ú±o¨ìC¿q°ò·þ¡C¡v¤S»¡¡G¡uÅý§Ú®Äªk§Úªº¤W«Ò¨üW¡C¡v³Ì«á¦º©ó·à¤l¤§¤f(µ¹Ã¹°¨±Ð·|®Ñ5:3)¡C¥ì®æ¨º¥á³Q©ã©¹Ã¹°¨¸g¨È¦è¨È®É¡A±Ð»£¥L©Ò°±¯dªº±Ð·|¡AÄU¥LÌn¨¾½d¹M¤Î¦U³Bªº²§ºÝ
(EH 3-36 -4)¡C¥LÄU²³¤H¡An¸òÀH¨Ï®{¶Ç²Î¡A¨Ã¥Î¤å¦r°O¿ý¤U¨Ó¡C
¤@¦W³Ç¥X©xûPlinius Secundus³Q®î¹DªÌ·P°Ê¡A¦Ó´À¥L̽ЩR¡C¥L¤W«µ¥L¶®§V¬Ó«Ò¡A¥Á²³¬JµL¦æ´c¡A¤]¨S¥Çªk¡A¥L̼¨«ë¤@¤Áªº²]¶Ã¡B±þ¤H»P¥Ç¸o¡A¨Ã¥B¬°¤H©^¤½¦uªk¡A¦VµÛ°ò·þ°Û¸Ö¦p¦P¹|Æg¯«¡C
¥L¶®§V¬d©ú¦¹¨Æ¡A«K¤U¥O¸T¤î¶e®·°ò·þ®{¡A¨Ã«Å¥Ü¬F©²¤£¦A®ö¶O®É¶¡¥h§ì¥LÌ¡AY¦³¤H±±§i°ò·þ®{¡A«hÄݧi¶D¤D½×¸o¡C¦ý¬O¥LÌY¤½¶}ªí©ú¨¤À¡A«K±o¨ü»@¡C´«¨¥¤§¡A¥u¦³°í«ù¤½¶}©Ó»{¦Û¤v¬O°ò·þ®{ªº¤H¡A¤~·|³Q³B¨M[3]¡C
¦bThe Seven Books of History against the
PagansªºBook Seven¡G«¢¼w¨}¡]117- 138¡^°õªk¤½¥¿¡A¤U¥O¤£±oÀH·N¢®`°ò·þ®{°£«D¥L¦³¸o¦æ (p. 307)¡A¦wªF¥§¥Ö¶®´µ¡]138-
161¡^°õ¬F®ÉÁö¦³®î¹DªÌ¡A¦ý«Ò°ê¨É¦³20¦~ªº©M¥®É´Á¡Ap. 308¡C
¦wªF¥§¥Ö¶®´µ(Antoninus Pius, 138- 161)®É¡A¥Ü¨C®³ªº¥D±Ð©Y®È¥Ò¡]Polycarp, 70-155 A.D.¡^®î¹D[5]¡C
©Y®È¥Ò¸úÂè⦸¡A³£³Qµo²{¡A¥L»{©w³o¬O¥Dªº¦®·N¡A©ó¬O§ô¤â´N¿£¡C©Y®È¥Ò³Q¸ÑuÄv§Þ³õ¡A¥Ü¨C®³ªº¨µ¼¾¬°n±Ï¥L¡Aµ¹¥L³Ì«á¾÷·|¡AÄU¥LÀH¸s²³³Û¡u°£±¼µL¯«½×ªÌ¡]«ü¤£«ô°¸¹³ªº°ò·þ®{¡^¡v¡A¥L´N¤â«ü¸s²³³Û¡u°£±¼µL¯«½×ªÌ¡v¡C©xªø¤SÄU¥L¡A¦~¨Æ¤w¦Ñ¡A¥un¹ï¬Ó«Òµo»}¡A©G¶A°ò·þ¡A´N¥i±oÄÀ©ñ¡C©Y®È¥Ò¹ï¥L»¡¡G
¡u¤K¤Q¤»¦~¨Ó§Ú¤@ª½¨Æ©^§Úªº¥D¡AÍ¢±q¥¼Á««Ý§Ú¡A§Ú«ç¥i²Û°d¨º¦ì¬@±Ï§Úªº§g¥D¡H¡v¨µ¼¾ÄY¼Fªº»¡¡G¡u¨º§Ú«K¤£¯à¤£±N§A¥áµ¹³¥Ã~¦Y¡C¡v©Y®È¥Ò¦^µª»¡¡G¡u©ñ§Aªº³¥Ã~¨Ó§a¡I
¡v¨µ¼¾»¡¡G¡u§AY»´µø³¥Ã~¡A¨º§Ú§â§A¿N¦º¡C¡v©Y®È¥Ò¥ÀR¦a¦^µª»¡¡G¡u§A·Q¥H¤õÀ~§Ú¡A¨º¤õ¥R¨ä¶q¤£¹L¿U¿N¤@¤p®É½}¤F¡A§A«on§Ô¨ü¨º¥Ã¤£º¶·Àªº¦aº»¤§¤õ¡C¡v¨µ¼¾»D¨¥¤j«ã¡A©ó¬O¤jÁn¦V¸s²³»¡¡G
¡u©Y®È¥Ò»¡¥L¬O°ò·þ®{¡I¡v¼É¥Á¸Á¾Ö¦Ó¤W¡A±N¥L¿N¦º[6]¡C
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¶ø¼ö¬y(Aurelius, 161-180, p. 309)¡C
°¨¥i¶ø¼ö¬y¡G¤U¶@±N°ò·þ®{ªº²£·~Âkµ¹§iµo¥L̪º¤H¡C¶ø¼ö¬y¼¨´c°ò·þ®{¹ï¥LÌ«H¥õªº¨g¼ö©M°õµÛ¡A¹ï¥L̪º¢®`§ó¬O¼F®`¡C¤£¤Ö±Ð¤÷¬°«H¥õ¾Ú²z¤Oª§¡A§V¤OÄÄÄÀ«H¥õ¡A¥L³£¥R¦Õ¤£»D¡CÅ@±Ð¤hµS´µ¤B®î¹DªÌ¡]Justin
Martyr¡^¦b165¦~»P 6¦ìªB¤Í³Qù°¨¬F©²§ì¥h¡A¨üºÉ¦UºØ»Å¦D¡A©ó166¦~±Ùº®î¹D¡C±Ð·|¾ú¥v¨C¦¸´£¨ì¥L¡A¥²©wµ¹¥L®î¹DªÌªºÀY»Î¡C
·í®É¦a¾_¡B¤ô¨a¡B½E¬Ì¡B¤õ¨aÀWÀWµo¥Í¡A°ò·þ®{ªº¨Æ³Q«ü¬°¨aº×ªº®Ú·½¡A¼É¥Á±þ®`°ò·þ®{«K¸g±`µo¥Í¡A¶ø¼ö¬y±q¤¤¹ªÀy¡C¨F¤Ò¡]Schaff¡^´yz·í®ÉªººGª¬¡G¡u®î¹DªÌªº«Íº¡A§Gº¡µóÀY¡F¨º¨Ç«Íº³QªÏ¸Ñ«áµI¿N¡A¾l¤Uªº°©¦Ç«h´²¤Jªe¤¤¡A¥H§K³o¨Ç'¯«ªº¤³¼Ä'ªg¦¾¤j¦a¡C¡v¦b³o®É´Á±Ð·|¥Rº¡¥iºq¥iª_ªº®î¹D¬G¨Æ¡C¦p¡G¬~¥±³s¯Ç¡]Symphorinus¡^¤@¦ì¦~»´«H®{¬°°í«ù«H¥õ¦Ó³Q³B¦º¡A¦æ¦D«e¡A¥À¿Ë¹ªÀy¥L¡G¡u§Ú¨àn°í±j¡A¤£nÄß©È¡A¥¦±N»â§A¨ì¯u¥¿¥Í©R¥h¡C¥õ±æ¤Ñ¤W´xÅvªº¡C§A¦b¦a¤W¥Í©R¤£¬O³Q¨ú¥h¡A¥u¤£¹L¬O³QÂà¤Æ¦¨¤Ñ¤Wªº¥Í©R¡C¡v
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·æ¦òÛ(Septimius Severus, 193-211, p. 312¡^
·æ¦òۮɦU±Ð·|Å@±Ð¤h§@¬ü¦n¨£µý¡C¥L̦p¿ï¤â¤@¯ë¡A±qEgypt©MThebais³Q°e¨ì¦bAlexandria¥¨¤jªºÄv§Þ¥x¡C±¹ï´Ý»Åªº¦D¥}©M¦º¦D®É¡A¥L̨º¶W¶V¤HÃþ·¥ªº§Ô@¡A¬°¥LÌűo«a°Ã¡CLeonides¬O¦´Á±Ð¤÷«X§Q®Ú¡]Origen¡^ªº¤÷¿Ë¡A¦bOrigen¦~¥®®É´N³Q±Ùº¡AOrigen¨ü¨ì¤÷¿Ëªº¼vÅT¡A¥®¦~®É´N¹ï¸t¨¥·¥·P¿³½ì
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°¨§J¦è©i(Maximinus, 235-238, p.314)
°¨§J¦è©i¬°±±¨î¦bù°¨ªº°ò·þ±Ð¡A±N±Ð¬Ó´^Á¾¡]Pontian¡^¤Î¤Ï±Ð¬Óªº§Æªi«ß¦«¡]Hippolytus¡^©ñ³v¨ìÂĤB¥§¡]Sardinia¡^¡A¥L̦b¨º¸Ì«Ü§Ö´N¥h¥@¤F¡C¤§«á°¨§J¦è©i±Ä¦¬Åó¤è¦¡¡A¹G¢º¥½w¡A±Ð·|µy±o³Ý®§¡A°ò·þ®{¤éº¥ÃP¾Ó¡A¥HP¥ÀR¤Ï¦¨¬°°ò·þ®{¤é«á¥¢±Ñªºì¦]¡C
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¼w×(Decius, 249-251, p. 315)
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¥Ë°Ç¥§(Valerian, 253-260, p. 316)
¥D«á258¦~Å@±Ð¤h©~´¶¨}(Cyprian of Cathage)©ó{¤Ó°ò®î¹D[7]¡C©~´¶¨}¬O¯S¤g¨}(Tertullian,
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AD)ªº¾Ç¥Í¡C¥L¬O³Ì¦¥D±i¥D±Ð±Ð·|¾Ç»¡ªº¤H¡C¥L»{¬°¥D±Ð¤D¬°¨Ï®{¯u¥¿Ä~¥ôªÌ¡F¥Ḻ˨Ä묹¨ã¦³²½¥qªº«~¼w¡C257¦~¥Ë°Ç¥§¹G¢±Ð·|®É³Q®·¡A®»¦bºÊ¨c¡Aù°¨x©xn¥L«ô°¸¹³¡B§_»{°ò·þ¡A¥L»¡¡G¡u°ò·þªº²½´N¬O¦b¨üW¤¤Äm¤W¦Û¤vªº¥Í©R¡A©Ò¥H§ÚÌ©ÒÄmªº²½¡A´N¬O°ò·þªº¨üÃø¡C¡v¥L¦Ü¦º©Úµ´¡A¥HP³Q±Ùº®î¹D¡C
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¶ø²z¨}(Aurelian, 270-275, p. 319) 260¦Ü303¦~¡A¥Ñ©ó¨ü¨ì·¥¤jªº¢®`¡A±Ð·|µo®i©_³t¡A¤H¼Æ¤j¼W¡C
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313¦~ù°¨¬F©²¹{®e§Ô°ò·þ®{¡A¤Q¦~«á§g¤h©Z¤B¤j«Òµn¦ì¬Ô¨Ì°ò·þ¡A¦b¥Lªº±a»â¤Uù°¨¤j³¡¤À¦Ê©m¬Ô¨Ì°ò·þ±Ð¡A°ò·þ±Ð¦¨¬°Ã¹°¨°ê±Ð¡C
[1]ù°¨«Ò°ê¾ú¥ô¬Ó«Ò¦~ªí¡G«Î¤jºû(Augustus, 27B.C.-A.D.14)¡B´£¤ñ¯d(Tiberius,
14-37)¡B¸ÓùØ¥j©Ô(Caligula, 37-41)¡B¥§Ã¹(Nero, 54-68)¡B{º¸¤Ú(Galba, 68-69)¡B ¶k¹Ï(Otho, 69)¡Bºû¯S§Q(Vitellius, 69)¡B½Ã´µ©¬¦è(Vespasian, 69-79)¡B´£¦h(Titus,
79-81)¡B¦h¦Ì¥Ð(Domitian, 81-96)¡B¥§ªk(Nerva, 96-98)¡B¥L¶®(Trajan,
98-116)¡B«¢¼w¨}¡]Hadrian, 117-138¡^¡B¦wªF¥§¥Ö¶®´µ(Antoninus Pius, 138-
161)¡B°¨¥i¶ø¼ö¬y©M¬°¼»¥q¦@ªv(Marcus Aurelius & Versus, 161-169)¡B°¨¥i¶ø¼ö¬y(Marcus Aurelius,
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238)¡BGordianus III (238-244)¡BPhilip the Arabian (244-249)¡B¼w×(Decius, 249-
251)¡B°ª¿c¤h(Gallus, 251-253)¡B¥Ë°Ç¥§(Valerian, 253- 260)¡B¥[¦C¥£(Gallienus,
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[2] I Clement, 5¡A¨£°ò·þ±Ð¦´Á¤åÄm¿ï¶°¡Ap. 8¡F Eusebius 2-25¡C
[3]¦¹¤H§YPliny the Younger¦b¤å¾Ç»á¦³¦¨´N¡A¤S¬Où°¨¬Ó«ÒTrajanªº±K¤Í¡CPlinyªì¥ôBithynia¬Ùªø®É¤W«µ¬ù110-111¦~¡C«µ¤åChristians
in Bithynia¬O¥~¨¹°õ¬FªÌ²´¤U±Ð·|¡A®æ¥~¬Ã¶Q¡C¤å¤¤¹ï±Ð·|«H¥õ¡B¹ê½î¡B¨£ÃÒ¡B¬ü¼w¤ÎPliny¹ï¢®`¬Fµ¦¤£¸Ñ¡A¦³¬Û·íªº´yz¡CTrajanªº¦^ÂÐ(Trajan
to Pliny=Trajan¡¦s Policy towards
Christians)¤@±»{¦P¦³¼w¦æªº°ò·þ®{¤£À³¨ü¨ì¤£¸qªº¹ï«Ý¡ATrajan¤SªÖ©wPliny±þ¨º¨ÇºÙ¦Û¤v¬O°ò·þ®{¡A¤£«ô°¸¹³ªº¤H¡F¥L©ú¥O¥un§_»{¦Û¤v¬O°ò·þ®{¦b¤½²³«ô°¸¹³¡A¥i¤Ä¾P¤§«e¥Çªº¿ù
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[4] The Seven Books of History against the Pagans ªºBook
Seven¦b¦¹¥i¯à¦³»~¡A¦]¬°¦h¦Ì¥Ð(81-96)¬ONero¥H«á²Ä¤@Ó¢®`°ò·þ®{ªº¬Ó«Ò¡A¥L¶®§V(98-116)¬ONero¥H«á²Ä¤TÓ¢®`°ò·þ®{ªº¬Ó«Ò¡A¤¤¶¡¥u¦³³o¥¼¹ï°ò·þ®{¤Íµ½ªº¬Ó«Ò¡C
[5]Eusebius±À¬°166©Î167¦~¡C¡y©Y®È¥Ò®î¹D¬G¨Æ¡zª¾¨º¤Ñ¬O2¤ë23¤é§«ô6¡A¹F¦j®{·í¤p¨È²Ó¨ÈÁ`·þ¡C²Å¦X³o±ø¥ó¬O156¦~¡C°ò·þ±Ð¦´Á¤åÄm¿ï¶°¡Ap.349¡C
[6]°ò·þ±Ð¦´Á¤åÄm¿ï¶°¡App. 348-361¡C
[7]¥§¦è¨È«e´Á¤÷¿ï¶°¡Ap. 34¡C
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