韓德爾的聖詩可分為三類
:
-
取材自傳統聖詩。
-
自己創作：為衛斯理寫的三首詩譜曲。
-
選自他的歌劇或神劇作品中的優美旋律。韓德爾曾為查理衛斯理(Charles
Wesley, 1707-1788）寫過三首聖詩:
Sinners, Obey the Gospel (CANNONS)<按:曲調
CANNONS 為大廈名稱，曾是韓德爾的寓所>；O
Love Devine (FITZWILLIAM) 和
Rejoice the Lord Is King (GOSPALL)<按:曲調
Gospal 為韓德爾的彌賽亞劇本作者
Jennens 之出生地>。1826年撒母耳衛斯理
(Samuel Wesley, 1766-1837)在劍橋的費茲威廉圖書館
(Fitwilliam Museum) 發現手稿，1827年在倫敦出版為風琴和四聲部聖詩(Handel's
Three Hymns from the Fitwilliam Library, Arranged in Score for the
Convenience of Choirs, by Samuel Wesley)[1]。
其他:
以下的聖詩曲調選自韓德爾的神劇或歌劇作品當中:BEDE出自神劇
Athalia[2]。BRADFORD
或稱
MESSIAH
[3];VIVIT[4]出自神劇
Messiah, no.45，我知道我的救贖者活著
(I Know that My Redeemer Liveth)[5]。BRUNSWICK
出自神劇
Saul[6]。COMFORT以後成為
ANTIOCH 聖詩94首[7]，曲調又名JERUSALEM;
MEDIA; HOLYTRIUMPH; MESSIAH
[8]。FATHER
IN HEAVEN選自歌劇
Xerxes有名的慢板(largo)[9]。FATHER
O HEAR US 出自歌劇
Rinaldo 第二幕第七曲[10]。HALIFAX出自神劇Susanna[11]。JERICHO
TUNE 出自歌劇
Riccardo Primo[12]，曲調又名
MILITES[13]。MESSIAH取材自神劇Messiah,
no.4 And the Glory of the Lord
[14]。SIROE
出自歌劇
Siroe，曲調又稱
INNOCENTS; ALL SAINTS
[15]；CHRISTMAS;
LUNENBURG; SANDFORD
[16]；HARLEIGH
[17]。SOLOMON出自神劇所羅門
Solomon
[18]，曲調又稱SURSUM
CORDA
[19]。THATCHER
出自歌劇
Sarsame，曲調又名
DAVID
[20]
或
THACHER[21]。THEODORA出自神劇Theodora[22]。Wilson
還收錄一首署名Handel
and Beethover 為作者的聖詩，前半段取自貝多芬的G大調浪漫曲
(Romance in G Major, op. 40)，後半段則為彌賽亞
Hallelujah Chorus 中的
Hallelujah 部分[23]。有些聖詩還把彌賽亞中的Hallelujah
Chorus 列入[24]。Diehl
的聖詩索引收錄二十三首韓德爾的聖詩，另有
DIRGE：HANDEL
找不到出處[25]。
結論:
舒茲(Heinrich
Schuetz,1585-1672)和韓德爾被認為是少數新教巴洛克作曲家中對聖詩比較沒興趣的[26]。韓德爾較少使用聖詩的旋律在他的大型音樂作品中。他對聖詩的認識乃受其業師柴考
(Zachow) 的影響。柴考沒將聖詩的曲調應用在他的清唱曲或大型聲樂作品當中，所以音樂學者原先以為他沒有關於聖詩方面的創作。1985年哈佛大學沃夫教授
(Christoph Wolff)在耶魯大學音樂圖書館
(The John Herrick Jackson Music Library)發現的梅生手稿(The
Neumeister Collection of Chorale Collection of Chorale Prelude from the
Bach Circle: Yale University Manuscript LM 4708)中收錄有柴考的四首管風琴聖詠前奏曲。由於他在哈勒的
Liebfrau 教堂擔任管風琴師，自然接觸到聖詩。韓德爾年輕時並不重視路德會聖詩，在漢堡時期的
Brockes Passion 僅引用一首路德會聖詩。在義大利雖有早期的神劇創作，仍然沒有引用路德會聖詩[27]。但韓德爾的聖詩如:JUDAS
MACCABAEUS, ANTIOCH等仍是深受基督徒喜愛的聖詩。
[1] John Wilson, Handel
and the Hymn Tune: I Handel's Tunes for Charles Wesley's Hymns (The
Hymn, Oct., 1985), pp. 18-23。
[2] Diehl, p.964
提示1733年之作品，查得曲調出自 Athalia
(1733)。
[3] John Wilson, Handel
and the Hymn Tune: II Some Hymn Tunes Arrangements ( The Hymn, Jan.,
1986 ), p.28.
[4] Diehl, p.965.
[5] Lawrence R.
Schoenhals, Companion to Hymn of Faith and Life (Winona Lake: Faith and
Life, 1980), p. 147.
[6] Percy Dearmer, Song
of Praise Discussed: A Handbook to the Best Known Hymns and to other
recently Introduced (Oxford: Oxford University, 1933), p. 169.
[7] Glover, The Hymnal
1982 Companion (N. Y.: Church Hymnal, 1994), v.3a, p. 196.
[8] Guye Johnson,
Treasury of Great Hymns and Their Stories (Greenville, S.C.: Bob Jones
University, 1986), p.82.
[9] Ivan L, Bennett,
The Hymnal Army and Navy (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office,
1942), no.617.
[10] The Church School
Hymnal for Youth (Philadelphia: Westminster, 1937) no.393.
[11] Gealy, p.93.
[12] John Wilson II,
p.25.
[13] Diehl, p.965.
[14] Donald P. Hustad,
The Worshiping Church (Carol Stream: Hope, 1990), no.351.
[15] The Hymnal 1940
Companion 3rd rev. ed. (New York: The Church Pension Fund, 1951), p.160.
[16] Raymond F. Glover,
The Hymnal 1982 Companion (New York: Church Hymnal Corp., 1994), v.3b,
p. 1013.
[17] Fred D. Gealy, A.C.
Lovelace & C.R. Young, Companion to the Hymnal: A Handbook to the United
Methodist Book of Hymns (Nashville: Abingdon), p. 107.
[18] Lawrence R.
Schoenhals, Companion to Hymn of Faith and Life (Winona Lake: Faith and
Life, 1980), p.296.
[19] Diehl, p.965.
[20] Robert Guy
Mccutchan, Hymn Tune Nanes: Their Sources and Significance (N.Y. :
Abingdon, 1957), p.59.
[21] Edwin A. Bedell,
The Church Hymnary: A Collection of Hymns and Tunes for Public Worship
(N.Y.: Charles E. Merrill, 1891), no.737.
[22] Richard Watson &
Kenneth Trickett, Companion to Hymns and Psalms (London: Methodist,
1988), p.323.
[23] John Wilson II.
pp.25-31.
[24] The Broadman
Hymnal (Broadman, 1940), no.477及The Hymnal for
Worship & Celebration (Word, 1986), no.37.
[25] Katharine Smith
Diehl, Hymns and Tunes: an Index (New York: Scarescrow, 1966 ), pp.
964-965.
[26] Manfred F.
Bukofzer, Music in the Baroque Era: from Monteverdi to Bach ( W. W.
Norton, 1947), p.89.
[30] Vernon Wicker,
"Bach, Handel and the Use of the Hymn in Their Vocal Works" , (The Hymn,
.Jan. 1986), p.
